Python 3.9: What's New, Features, and Download Links
Introduction
Python is a widely used, high-level, general-purpose programming language that is known for its simplicity, readability, and versatility. Python can be used for a variety of applications, such as web development, data analysis, machine learning, automation, and more.
Python 3.9 is the latest version of Python, released on October 5, 2020. It introduces several new features and enhancements that make coding in Python more efficient, expressive, and fun. Some of these features include:
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Union operators for dictionaries: You can now merge or update dictionaries using the and = operators, instead of using methods like update() or dict().
Type hinting generics in standard collections: You can now use built-in collection types such as list, dict, set, and tuple as generic types for type hinting, instead of importing them from the typing module.
String methods to remove prefixes and suffixes: You can now use the removeprefix() and removesuffix() methods on strings to easily remove unwanted characters from the beginning or end of a string.
Flexible function and variable annotations: You can now use any expression as an annotation for functions or variables, instead of being limited to literals, names, or attribute references.
New parser based on PEG: Python 3.9 uses a new parser that is based on Parsing Expression Grammar (PEG), which is more flexible and consistent than the previous one based on LL(1) grammar.
Support for the IANA time zone database in the standard library: You can now use the zoneinfo module to access accurate and up-to-date information about time zones around the world.
New graphlib module: You can now use the graphlib module to perform operations on directed graphs, such as finding the topological order or detecting cycles.
In this article, you will learn how to download, install, and use Python 3.9 on your computer, as well as some of the benefits of upgrading to this version.
Downloading Python 3.9
The first step to using Python 3.9 is to download it from the official Python website: [ On this page, you will see a list of active Python releases for different operating systems. Choose the one that matches your system and click on the download link.
If you are using Windows, you will see two options: a 64-bit installer and a 32-bit installer. Unless you have a very old computer, you should choose the 64-bit installer, as it is faster and more secure than the 32-bit one. The installer will also check if your system supports Windows 7 or later versions, as Python 3.9 is incompatible with older versions of Windows.
If you are using Linux or macOS, you will see a source code tarball that you can download and compile yourself. Alternatively, you can use a package manager or a third-party tool to install Python 3.9 on your system. For example, on Ubuntu Linux, you can use the deadsnakes PPA to install Python 3.9 with apt[^8^ Installing Python 3.9
Once you have downloaded Python 3.9, you can proceed to install it on your computer. The installation process may vary depending on your operating system, but it is generally easy and straightforward.
Installing Python 3.9 on Windows
If you have downloaded the Windows installer, you can simply run it and follow the instructions on the screen. You will be asked to choose the installation directory, the features to install, and whether to add Python to your PATH environment variable. It is recommended that you check the option to add Python to your PATH, as it will make it easier to run Python from any command prompt or terminal window.
After the installation is complete, you can verify that Python 3.9 is working by opening a command prompt and typing python --version. You should see something like this:
C:\Users\user>python --version Python 3.9.0
You can also launch the Python interactive shell by typing python and start writing and executing Python code.
Installing Python 3.9 on Linux
If you have downloaded the source code tarball, you will need to extract it and compile it yourself. To do this, you will need some tools and libraries installed on your system, such as GCC, make, zlib, libffi, and openssl. You can check the README file in the source code for more details on the requirements and instructions.
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Alternatively, you can use a package manager or a third-party tool to install Python 3.9 on your Linux system. For example, on Ubuntu Linux, you can use the deadsnakes PPA to install Python 3.9 with apt. To do this, you need to run the following commands in a terminal window:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa sudo apt update sudo apt install python3.9
After the installation is complete, you can verify that Python 3.9 is working by typing python3.9 --version. You should see something like this:
$ python3.9 --version Python 3.9.0
You can also launch the Python interactive shell by typing python3.9 and start writing and executing Python code.
Installing Python 3.9 on macOS
If you have downloaded the source code tarball, you will need to extract it and compile it yourself. To do this, you will need some tools and libraries installed on your system, such as Xcode, zlib, libffi, and openssl. You can check the README file in the source code for more details on the requirements and instructions.
Alternatively, you can use a package manager or a third-party tool to install Python 3.9 on your macOS system. For example, you can use Homebrew to install Python 3.9 with brew. To do this, you need to run the following commands in a terminal window:
brew update brew install python@3.9
After the installation is complete, you can verify that Python 3.9 is working by typing python3 --version. You should see something like this:
$ python3 --version Python 3.9.0
You can also launch the Python interactive shell by typing python3 and start writing and executing Python code.
Using Python 3.9
Now that you have installed Python 3.9 on your computer, you can start using it to write and run Python code. There are several ways to use Python 3.9, such as:
The interactive shell: This is a convenient way to test and experiment with Python code interactively. You can launch the interactive shell by typing python, python3, or python3.9, depending on your system and installation method. In the interactive shell, you can type any valid Python expression or statement and see its result immediately.
The script mode: This is a way to write and execute Python code in a file with a .py extension. You can create a script file using any text editor of your choice, such as Notepad or VS Code. In the script file , you can write any valid Python code and save the file. To run the script file, you can use the python, python3, or python3.9 command followed by the name of the file. For example, if you have a script file named hello.py that prints "Hello, world!", you can run it by typing python hello.py in a terminal window.
The integrated development environment (IDE): This is a way to write and execute Python code in a graphical user interface that provides various tools and features to help you code better and faster. There are many IDEs available for Python, such as PyCharm, VS Code, Spyder, Thonny, and more. You can choose the one that suits your needs and preferences. In an IDE, you can create, edit, run, debug, and test Python code in a convenient and interactive way.
Whichever way you choose to use Python 3.9, you will be able to access its new features and improvements by using the appropriate syntax and modules. For example, to use the new union operators for di